Proteaceae切花茎在海运过程封闭通风和自动通风的可行性研究
feasibility of closed ventilation and automatic ventilation for sea freight of proteaceae cut flower stems
proteaceae切花茎在海运过程封闭通风和自动通风的可行性研究
dr e.w. hoffman
summary
global trends aimed at advancing sea freight technology and reducing carbon emissions have led to the invention of automated reefer technologies. this development brings the challenge of having to determine product physiological limits that are vital for the implementation of automatic ventilation technology on south african produced proteaceae cut flower stems.
a study was conducted to determine the respiration rates, lower o2 limits and co2 toxicity tolerance limits of proteaceae cut stems in order to assess the feasibility of using automatic ventilation (av+) vs. conventional fixed open-air exchange (airex) ventilation shipping of proteaceae cut stems. in a closed ventilation system (representing unvented conditions as is possible with av+ technology) which contained a mixed load of proteaceae products in 45-55 % free air, it was observed that the o2 level fell to approximay 8.5 % whilst the co2 level rose to about 10 %, when a harvestwatch™ dynamic controlled atmosphere (dca) system was used for gas sampling. using a handheld gas analyser as an alternative sampling method revealed that under these conditions o2 levels fell below 2 %, and co2 levels rose to above 17 %. although the o2 dropped considerably, it was still above the lower oxygen limit (lol), which ranged from 0.09-0.33 % o2, 0.08-0.41 % o2 and 0.08-0.48 % o2 for leucadendron, leucospermum and protea products respectively.
at 5 ℃, the respiration rates were between 15.11-48.07 ml co2.kg-1.h-1 for leucadendron, 19.06-45.44 ml co2.kg-1.h-1 for leucospermum and 10.76-27.24 ml co2.kg-1.h-1 for protea. closed ventilation, low o2 and high co2 atmospheres generally resulted in mass loss that was lower than or comparable to airex. the inflorescence and leaf colour changes in proteaceae products stored in closed ventilation, low o2 and high co2 treatments were commercially not significant. there were no signs of low o2 and/or high co2 damage on the stems stored under closed ventilation. the inflorescence and leaf visual quality of proteaceae products stored in closed ventilation was generally better than that of stems stored in airex. leucadendron, leucospermum and protea stems stored in high co2 treatments had comparable or better quality than stems stored in airex. however, exposure to 15 % co2 for 21 d reduced longevity of some products. in leucadendron, the response to airex, dca and 2 % o2 on flower head visual quality was variable and the treatments were equally effective in maintaining leaf visual quality. flower and leaf visual quality and longevity was comparable between the airex and low o2 treatments in leucospermum and protea.
monosaccharides plus oligosaccharides were the most abundant sugars, followed by polysaccharides, and starch was the least abundant in leucadendron, leucospermum and protea stems. differences in polysaccharide and starch content were minor, between airex and low o2 treatments, also between airex and high co2 treatments. lipid peroxidation was comparable between airex and high co2 atmospheres. the airex, dca and 2 % o2 treatments had an insignificant effect on total phenolic content of products.
further research is recommended under commercial conditions in av+ type reefers, where automatic ventilation should be set to maintain a minimum of 2 % o2 and maximum of 15 % co2 concentration during long-term sea freight shipping of proteaceae cut flowers to ensure optimum product quality throughout the cold chain for an extended vase life.
旨在推进海运技术和减少碳排放的趋势导致了自动冷藏技术的发明。这一发展带来了一个挑战，即必须确定产品生理极限，这对在南非生产的proteaceae切花茎上实施自动通风技术至关重要。
进行了一项研究，以确定 proteaceae 切茎的呼吸速率、降低 o2 限值和 co2 毒性耐受性限值，以评估使用自动通风 (av+) 与 proteaceae 切茎的常规固定露天交换 (airex) 通风运输的可行性。在一个封闭的通风系统中(表示av+技术可能采用的无通风条件)，在45-55%的游空中含有混合负载的proteaceae产品中，观察到o2水平下降到约8.5%，而当使用harvestwatc™动态受控大气(dca)系统进行气体取样时，co2水平上升到约10%。使用手持式气体分析仪作为替代取样方法表明，在这些条件下，o2水平下降到2%以下，二氧化碳水平上升到17%以上。虽然o2大幅下跌，但仍高于低氧限值(lol)，o2为0.09-0.33%，o2为0.08-0.41%，leucadendron, leucospermum和protea产品分别为0.08-0.48%o2。
在5°c时，呼吸速率在15.11-48.07 ml co2.kg-1.h-1对leucadendron，19.06-45.44 ml co2.kg-1.h-1为leucospermum，10.76-27.24 ml co2.kg-1.h-1为protea。封闭通风、低 o2 和高 co2 大气通常会导致质量损失低于或与 airex 相当。在封闭通风、低o2和高co2处理中储存的proteaceae产品中的花序和叶片颜色变化在商业上并不显著。在封闭通风下储存的茎上没有低 o2 和/或高 co2 损坏的迹象。在封闭通风中储存的proteaceae产品的花序和叶片视觉质量一般优于airex中储存的茎。leucadendron, leucospermum和protea储存在高co2处理中，其质量与airex中储存的茎相当或更好。然而，21 d 的 15% co2 暴露会降低某些产品的寿命。在leucadendron中，对airex、dca和2%o2对花头视觉质量的反应是可变的，治疗同样有效地保持了叶子的视觉质量。花和叶的视觉质量和寿命是可比的airex和低o2处理在白细胞和普罗蒂亚。
单糖加寡糖是的糖，其次是多糖，淀粉是leucadendron, leucospermum 和 protea中不丰富的。airex 和低 o2 处理(airex 和高 co2 处理)之间的多糖和淀粉含量差异很小。脂质过氧化在airex和高co2大气之间具有可比性。airex、dca 和 2% o2 处理对产品的总酚类含量影响微不足道。
建议在 av+ 型冷藏箱的商业条件下进行进一步的研究，在 proteaceae 切花的长期海运运输期间，应设置自动通风，以保持至少 2% o2 和多 15% 的 co2 浓度，以确保在整个冷链中实现的产品质量，延长花瓶使用寿命。
水产冻品明年进口关税下调 相关企业还需把握机遇
低温调节阀
管道泵能否自吸
颗粒包装机发展过程中注重的是实用性
贝克曼库尔特颗粒计数器产品特点简介
Proteaceae切花茎在海运过程封闭通风和自动通风的可行性研究
PZ44H快速排污阀PZ48H排污闸阀的结构原理
拉杆箱检测设备—箱包拉杆反复抽放试验机恒通厂家
牛津仪器直读光谱仪(OES)系列产品已投放市场
浅谈几种玉米叶面积测定方法的优缺点
细说平面磨床加工的突出优势
熬煮锅、盒式包装机让黄油保持细腻与美味
Z45J全衬胶暗杆闸阀之产品特点及其选用标准
喷漆房废气如何处理？
使用X射线荧光光谱仪的常见故障
20kN电子万能拉力测试机如何选型？
生活污水处理设备70吨/天
FESTO传感器在什么环境下对的精度和有影响
pvc涂层三防布
医院污水处理设备每时1立方设计特点
proteaceae切花茎在海运过程封闭通风和自动通风的可行性研究
dr e.w. hoffman
summary
global trends aimed at advancing sea freight technology and reducing carbon emissions have led to the invention of automated reefer technologies. this development brings the challenge of having to determine product physiological limits that are vital for the implementation of automatic ventilation technology on south african produced proteaceae cut flower stems.
a study was conducted to determine the respiration rates, lower o2 limits and co2 toxicity tolerance limits of proteaceae cut stems in order to assess the feasibility of using automatic ventilation (av+) vs. conventional fixed open-air exchange (airex) ventilation shipping of proteaceae cut stems. in a closed ventilation system (representing unvented conditions as is possible with av+ technology) which contained a mixed load of proteaceae products in 45-55 % free air, it was observed that the o2 level fell to approximay 8.5 % whilst the co2 level rose to about 10 %, when a harvestwatch™ dynamic controlled atmosphere (dca) system was used for gas sampling. using a handheld gas analyser as an alternative sampling method revealed that under these conditions o2 levels fell below 2 %, and co2 levels rose to above 17 %. although the o2 dropped considerably, it was still above the lower oxygen limit (lol), which ranged from 0.09-0.33 % o2, 0.08-0.41 % o2 and 0.08-0.48 % o2 for leucadendron, leucospermum and protea products respectively.
at 5 ℃, the respiration rates were between 15.11-48.07 ml co2.kg-1.h-1 for leucadendron, 19.06-45.44 ml co2.kg-1.h-1 for leucospermum and 10.76-27.24 ml co2.kg-1.h-1 for protea. closed ventilation, low o2 and high co2 atmospheres generally resulted in mass loss that was lower than or comparable to airex. the inflorescence and leaf colour changes in proteaceae products stored in closed ventilation, low o2 and high co2 treatments were commercially not significant. there were no signs of low o2 and/or high co2 damage on the stems stored under closed ventilation. the inflorescence and leaf visual quality of proteaceae products stored in closed ventilation was generally better than that of stems stored in airex. leucadendron, leucospermum and protea stems stored in high co2 treatments had comparable or better quality than stems stored in airex. however, exposure to 15 % co2 for 21 d reduced longevity of some products. in leucadendron, the response to airex, dca and 2 % o2 on flower head visual quality was variable and the treatments were equally effective in maintaining leaf visual quality. flower and leaf visual quality and longevity was comparable between the airex and low o2 treatments in leucospermum and protea.
monosaccharides plus oligosaccharides were the most abundant sugars, followed by polysaccharides, and starch was the least abundant in leucadendron, leucospermum and protea stems. differences in polysaccharide and starch content were minor, between airex and low o2 treatments, also between airex and high co2 treatments. lipid peroxidation was comparable between airex and high co2 atmospheres. the airex, dca and 2 % o2 treatments had an insignificant effect on total phenolic content of products.
further research is recommended under commercial conditions in av+ type reefers, where automatic ventilation should be set to maintain a minimum of 2 % o2 and maximum of 15 % co2 concentration during long-term sea freight shipping of proteaceae cut flowers to ensure optimum product quality throughout the cold chain for an extended vase life.
旨在推进海运技术和减少碳排放的趋势导致了自动冷藏技术的发明。这一发展带来了一个挑战，即必须确定产品生理极限，这对在南非生产的proteaceae切花茎上实施自动通风技术至关重要。
进行了一项研究，以确定 proteaceae 切茎的呼吸速率、降低 o2 限值和 co2 毒性耐受性限值，以评估使用自动通风 (av+) 与 proteaceae 切茎的常规固定露天交换 (airex) 通风运输的可行性。在一个封闭的通风系统中(表示av+技术可能采用的无通风条件)，在45-55%的游空中含有混合负载的proteaceae产品中，观察到o2水平下降到约8.5%，而当使用harvestwatc™动态受控大气(dca)系统进行气体取样时，co2水平上升到约10%。使用手持式气体分析仪作为替代取样方法表明，在这些条件下，o2水平下降到2%以下，二氧化碳水平上升到17%以上。虽然o2大幅下跌，但仍高于低氧限值(lol)，o2为0.09-0.33%，o2为0.08-0.41%，leucadendron, leucospermum和protea产品分别为0.08-0.48%o2。
在5°c时，呼吸速率在15.11-48.07 ml co2.kg-1.h-1对leucadendron，19.06-45.44 ml co2.kg-1.h-1为leucospermum，10.76-27.24 ml co2.kg-1.h-1为protea。封闭通风、低 o2 和高 co2 大气通常会导致质量损失低于或与 airex 相当。在封闭通风、低o2和高co2处理中储存的proteaceae产品中的花序和叶片颜色变化在商业上并不显著。在封闭通风下储存的茎上没有低 o2 和/或高 co2 损坏的迹象。在封闭通风中储存的proteaceae产品的花序和叶片视觉质量一般优于airex中储存的茎。leucadendron, leucospermum和protea储存在高co2处理中，其质量与airex中储存的茎相当或更好。然而，21 d 的 15% co2 暴露会降低某些产品的寿命。在leucadendron中，对airex、dca和2%o2对花头视觉质量的反应是可变的，治疗同样有效地保持了叶子的视觉质量。花和叶的视觉质量和寿命是可比的airex和低o2处理在白细胞和普罗蒂亚。
单糖加寡糖是的糖，其次是多糖，淀粉是leucadendron, leucospermum 和 protea中不丰富的。airex 和低 o2 处理(airex 和高 co2 处理)之间的多糖和淀粉含量差异很小。脂质过氧化在airex和高co2大气之间具有可比性。airex、dca 和 2% o2 处理对产品的总酚类含量影响微不足道。
建议在 av+ 型冷藏箱的商业条件下进行进一步的研究，在 proteaceae 切花的长期海运运输期间，应设置自动通风，以保持至少 2% o2 和多 15% 的 co2 浓度，以确保在整个冷链中实现的产品质量，延长花瓶使用寿命。
水产冻品明年进口关税下调 相关企业还需把握机遇
低温调节阀
管道泵能否自吸
颗粒包装机发展过程中注重的是实用性
贝克曼库尔特颗粒计数器产品特点简介
Proteaceae切花茎在海运过程封闭通风和自动通风的可行性研究
PZ44H快速排污阀PZ48H排污闸阀的结构原理
拉杆箱检测设备—箱包拉杆反复抽放试验机恒通厂家
牛津仪器直读光谱仪(OES)系列产品已投放市场
浅谈几种玉米叶面积测定方法的优缺点
细说平面磨床加工的突出优势
熬煮锅、盒式包装机让黄油保持细腻与美味
Z45J全衬胶暗杆闸阀之产品特点及其选用标准
喷漆房废气如何处理？
使用X射线荧光光谱仪的常见故障
20kN电子万能拉力测试机如何选型？
生活污水处理设备70吨/天
FESTO传感器在什么环境下对的精度和有影响
pvc涂层三防布
医院污水处理设备每时1立方设计特点